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THE RED TAVER

by tatarlak from El Vendrell

Last Post 7 days, 1 hour Ago


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It is interesting that enters the things that Mr. Obama promises is the aim of the dependancy of the petroleum, a measurement as this is but intelligent that can be done in economic the geostrategic context of the world-wide one, because considering the future which it is approached the long term solution it stops in all the scopes is the one to begin to use clean and renewable energies that make a coexistence with the environment far better, also is necessary to consider that the economic context of this measurement since measured of this type the creation of use and the circulation of the money towards the opening of new businesses or reconversion of existing businesses suppose for, in a while economic as vulnerable as the present one. It is necessary to consider that the United States is the mirror in which many countries are watched is why also it is necessary to harness from Europe measured of this type that in the medium and long term suppose the first stone of the construction of a better society in all the scopes and an exit to the international crisis in which we are immersed.
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Original text in Spanish

 EL COMUNISMO

 

UN GIGANTE  CON LOS PIES DE BARRO

Se puede decir que la revolución rusa fue el punto culminante del movimiento comunista surgido en Europa en tiempos de la revolución Francesa.

Pero la pregunta es, ¿es comunismo lo que hubo en Rusia y sus países satélite?, ¿podemos decir que china es un país comunista?, y el régimen cubano ¿es comunista?, podría decirse que las revoluciones en estos países fueron comunistas y sus líderes también eran partidarios de crear una sociedad comunista, pero cuando accedieron al poder detuvieron el proceso y acabaron con los sueños de crear una sociedad justa e igualitaria, ya sea por los factores externos o por la codicia de sus dirigentes la realidad es que no hemos llegado a ver nunca una sociedad comunista en funcionamiento pleno; si cabe podría decirse que lo más aproximado a este tipo de sociedad, se denomino colectividades y se dio en Cataluña y Aragón principalmente durante la guerra civil Española, aunque estas fueron disueltas en 1937 por el ejercito de la república.

Podemos decir que, el comunismo es una corriente ideológica que preconiza la eliminación de las clases sociales con el fin de crear una sociedad con una única clase, autosuficiente, que se abastezca así misma y que viva en paz y armonía allá donde sea asimilada el primer intento de crear una sociedad comunista en Europa fue en la Francia revolucionaria, entre 1795 y 1796, esta denominó "La conspiración de los iguales" , y ensalzaba la igualdad real del hombre que figuraba en "la declaración de los derechos del hombre y el ciudadano de 1789", entre sus líderes podemos encontrar a François- Noel Babeuf, el cual defendía la abolición de la propiedad privada y el derecho a heredar la tierra, también era un firme partidario de la colectivización de la tierra Babeuf es considerado uno de los primeros teóricos del comunismo así como un pre anarquista. La conspiración de los iguales fracasó, no obstante, esta corriente de pensamiento sumada a otros factores sociales económicos y políticos, desembocaría en el Marxismo plasmado en el manifiesto comunista de 1848.

El manifiesto comunista, escrito por Marks y Engels, fue publicado en 1848 y supone la piedra angular, entorno al cual girará el comunismo en los posteriores 69 años hasta la revolución rusa de 1917, y viene a dar respuesta a la emergente clase trabajadora que vive en condiciones deplorables en toda la Europa industrializada el comunismo es una clara condena al capital y a la sociedad capitalista, que explota a la clase trabajadora ante la pasividad de los poderes públicos, por este motivo, el manifiesto preconiza entre sus máximas la abolición de las clases sociales y del estado para crear una sociedad justa e igualitaria donde no existan clases para este fin es necesario hacer una revolución; esta revolución llevará a la clase obrera al poder, y tras un periodo de transición, en el cual un ente gestor revolucionario, llevará la sociedad a la última y definitiva fase de la revolución que es la desaparición de este ente gestor porque la sociedad ya es autogestionable . También es cierto que Marks era un visionario que pensaba que la revolución comunista se extendería por todo el mundo con facilidad, y esto quizá es el error potencial, porque ninguna sociedad de momento estaba preparada para ese cambio tan radical es por eso que el comunismo no prosperó, porque la construcción de una sociedad comunista suponía la destrucción de la sociedad existente hasta sus cimientos, y la creación de una clase única en la cual no existieran diferencias.

El comunismo tampoco prosperó dentro de la clase obrera ya que no todos estaban conformes en cómo se debería hacer el cambio y esto quedo patente en el congreso de la primera internacional en 1872, donde fueron expulsados los Anarquistas y los

Anarcosindicalistas porque no estaban conformes con el periodo de transición en antes de la eliminación del estado. La necesidad de crear un sociedad igualitaria fue el motor de los cambios que supusieron unas sustanciales mejoras en la vida de la clase obrera de Europa tras una constante lucha, y acosta de no pocas vidas de obreros, aun así la revolución comunista no llegaba a consolidarse, no obstante, la necesidad de crear una sociedad como esta es, al final, el germen destructor de esta sociedad en sí misma, porque si analizamos los resultados de las revoluciones denominadas comunistas, todas las revoluciones se han estancado en la 2 fase, partiendo de la base que una revolución comunista consta de tres fases diferenciadas que serían; En primer lugar la revolución, En segundo lugar la creación de un órgano gestor revolucionario que conduciría la revolución En tercer lugar y definitivamente la última fase, la cual sería la eliminación del estado o del ente gestor de la revolución porque la sociedad habría aprendido a autogestionarse.

El fracaso del comunismo queda patente en la revolución rusa de 1917, donde el pueblo se levantó contra el Zar porque estos vivían en un estado feudal, donde los ciudadanos no era más que meros instrumentos del estado, allí sí que la revolución tuvo éxito, porque el cambio suponía la hegemonía del pueblo, la colectivización de la tierra para beneficio del pueblo, porque por fin se terminaría con las clases privilegiadas de la sociedad zarista, para convertir, en hechos consumados, las teorías de Marks y Engels del manifiesto comunista y llegar a crear esa utópica sociedad, donde todos fueran iguales y donde a nadie le faltase de nada.

Para ésto los líderes de la revolución, León Trotsky o Vladimir Lenin, Josef Stalin, entre otros, llevarían al pueblo ruso por las diferentes etapas del Comunismo descrito en "Manifiesto comunista" de Marks y Engels y es aquí donde está el problema del comunismo propiamente dicho, en la incapacidad de los dirigentes comunistas de pasar a la 3 fase, en la cual ¿habrá desaparecido de la naturaleza humana, el egoísmo, las ansias de poder, el afán de progreso del individuo de manera personal y el deseo de vivir de una manera diferente?, ¿estarán dispuestas las clases dirigentes a dejar de tutelar el proceso revolucionario porque éste ya ha llegado a su cenit?, ¿entenderán que no sean más meros instrumentos de la revolución?, ¿aceptaran que no sean por más tiempo venerados por haber dirigido la revolución y pasar a ser simples ciudadanos como todos los demás?, yo creo que no y esto quedo patente tras la prematura muerte Lenin, porque en ese momento en el que Stalin toma las riendas de la revolución, tras la pugna por el poder con Trosky, es cuando esta se estanca de forma definitiva, y es desde entonces, que el comunismo no avanza hacia su tercera y decisiva fase . Por otro lado, además de estancar la revolución en Rusia, también se dedicó a perseguir, de forma implacable, a aquellos que pregonaban la creación de una sociedad más igualitaria basada en el comunismo buena prueba de ésto la tenemos en el asesinato de Trotsky o Andreu Nin, entre otros, éste último fundador, junto a Juan Andrade del POUM, (PARTIDO OBRERO UNIFICADO MARXISTA) un partido de corte Marxista, venido de la unión de los partidos BOC ( BLOQUE OBRERO Y CAMPESINO) y el ICE (IZQUIERDA COMUNISTA ESPAÑOLA) en 1935, en España, el POUM era contrario el marxismo- leninismo y por eso sus líderes fueron perseguidos por los agentes comunistas rusos en el extranjero, en este momento y desde mi punto de vista es aquí donde el comunismo Ruso pasa a ser una simple dictadura.

Otros intentos posteriores de crear una sociedad comunista fracasaron por el mismo motivo que la revolución rusa lo hizo antes, desde la revolución china o la revolución cubana, dirigidas respectivamente por Mao Zedong y Fidel Castro por la incapacidad de sus líderes de ir más allá de la segunda fase de la revolución. Y es que en realidad, el principal obstáculo para que las sociedades comunistas funcionen, son las ansias de progreso y de mejora individual de las personas que han de construir estas sociedades, porque éstos se convertirán en los padres de la revolución desde el mismo instante en que asuman el control de la revolución, serán jueces y verdugos de la revolución allá por donde vayan, serán venerados por unos y denostados por otros y ese en el fondo es el germen destructivo de la sociedad comunista, la creación de una clase dirigente que siempre pueda ponerlo todo en tela de juicio, la falta de unos plazos claros y concisos para la consecución de las metas del manifiesto comunista, el conformismo total y absoluto de la sociedad con respecto a su situación. Y es que en el fondo, el comunismo predica la sociedad del pensamiento único y eso va contra la naturaleza humana. ¿És entonces el comunismo, la solución a los problema de la sociedad?, yo creo que no, y no porque sea una idea inviable, sino porque ninguna sociedad está dispuesta a asumir los elevados costes de destruir todo lo construido hasta ahora, para dejar en manos de unos cuantos elegidos, la transición hacia una sociedad igualitaria, no obstante hay que decir que la idea es genial, que sería lo deseable, que la sociedad fuese así, autosuficiente, autogestionable, sin poderes públicos que nos dirijan, sin propiedad privada, una sociedad donde tengamos de todo. Una utopía inalcanzable, es por eso que yo denominaría al comunismo como un "Un gigante con los pies de barro".

Pero tranquilos la sociedad puede mejorar Babeuf dice al final de "el manifiesto de los plebeyos", "¡Vamos, después de mil años, a cambiar estas leyes groseras!" yo os digo que lo hagámoslo será un buen comienzo

® Antonio García Leal

EL COMUNISMO
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The second Spanish republic is it the result of erratic policies and excesses of the monarchy, which convened an election to the constituent and municipal courts to legitimize their continuity. The municipal elections of April 12, 1931 resulted in a victory for the monarchy with 22,150 councillors monarchists, compared with 5,875 in favour of the king, leaving 52,000 without determining posts.
Although these figures, the monarchy had won the elections and legitimized its continuity, the reality is that in major towns, the monarchy had lost. In 41 provincial capitals, the monarchy had lost support in Madrid, council members opposed the king three times the pro-king, and in Barcelona, antimonárquicos, quadrupled its detractors. Given these figures, the nominal head of government, Juan Bautista Aznar, resigned ministers Bugallo and the Cierva suggested the monarch to use the army, with the overwhelming result of the elections, which left minority in the monarchy in capitals . Being asked Juan Bautista Aznar, on whether there were grounds for a crisis, he responded, "What you want more crises, a country which lie down monarchical and republican rises." At this point, King and Count of Romanones, entered into talks with Niceto Alcala Zamora to achieve security on the life of King, he told them that he could not guarantee anything and they also demanded that the government resign immediately. On April 14, Alfonso XIII, left Spain and went to Paris without formally abdicate and the Second Republic was proclaimed the same day on April 14, through a communique published in various newspapers.
The Second Spanish Republic is a bastion of democratic freedoms achieved by the most critical and most adversely affected by the policies of previous governments, in essence the basis of any state, which is the people, which sustains the ruling classes. The people decided to change the system of government to improve and to move towards a model of state more in tune with the social realities of the moment, to quit once and for all the old ideas of the old regime and embrace a system in which anyone it is proposed, could get to steer the country that is the reality of the Second Spanish Republic on the other hand is the secularism of the state of other issues that have been discussed, was it necessary? From my point of view would be if it was reasonable to assume that a secular state will accommodate any design without persecute any religious, but actually, the republic led to the outbreak popular anticlerical persecution of the Catholic Church in this period is from my view, proportional to the persecution which the Catholic Church has made Spanish citizens since the days of kings Catholics, until the abolition of the Holy Inquisition in the July 15, 1834 of this reality, the Catholic church not Spanish Speech and leaves show up when the church was imposing its judgement and chasing the Spaniards on behalf of faith should also be noted that the Catholic church, followed in the circles of power until 1931 is for this reason that 90 years later The rancour and the memory still nest in the minds of politicians and citizens of Spain in the Second Republic on the other hand some of the clergy was against the Second Republic and in general most Catholics were against having the incident
10 and May 11, in which there was, by the population, a widespread assault on convents and churches before the passive attitude of the authorities. The reality is that the attitude of political authorities was not exemplary, which sowed the seeds of discord between the state and the church, although the deciding factor in this estrangement between the state and the church was without a doubt, Article 26 of the constitution, which gave clear secularism of the state.

Article 26.

[All religious denominations will be considered as partners under a special law. The State, regions, provinces and municipalities, not maintain, encourage or assist financially to churches, religious associations and institutions. A special law shall regulate the total extinction, within a maximum of two years, the budget for the Clergy. Are hereby dissolved those religious orders that statutorily imposed, in addition to the canonical three votes, another special obedience to legitimate authority other than the State. Its assets will be nationalized and affected to charitable and educational. Other religious orders will be subject to a special law passed by the Constituent Cortes and adjusted to the following bases: 1. Dissolution of which, by their activities constitute a danger to state security, 2. Registration of those to be subsisting in a special register under the Ministry of Justice. 3. Inability to acquire and retain, either by itself or through an intermediary, rather than those who, with justification, be directed to your home or directly to the fulfilment of their private purposes. 4. Prohibition of exercise industrial trade or education. 5. Submission to all the tax laws of the country. 6. Obligation to pay annually to the State accounts for the investment of its assets in connection with the purposes of the association. The property of religious orders may be nationalized.]


However, in general, the second Spanish republic has obtained a broad social progress, which is reflected in its constitution, these are their main developments among others.

The principle of equality before the law Spaniards, or chapter of individual guarantees and policies among other items have Article 25 which says:

Article 25

[There may be grounds for legal privilege: the nature, affiliation, sex, social class, wealth, political ideas or religious beliefs. ]


The principle of secularism, which went beyond the mere separation between Church and State to enter an area of total elimination of religion from politics by articles 26 and 27.

The principle of choice and renovation of all public positions, including Head of State.

The unicameral, more in tune with democracy, which meant the elimination of a second chamber or aristocratic classes of haves and for which the legislature would be exercised by a single House.
It prevented the possibility of conducting a compulsory expropriation of any property, in exchange for compensation for use social as well as the possibility of nationalizing public services.

Broad bill of rights and freedoms. He attached the vote from 23 years with universal suffrage, also female.

It recognized the right of Spaniards to divorce and recognition of civil marriage

It was also guaranteed by Article 46 a wide range of social legislation relating to employment

Article 46

[The work in its various forms, is a social obligation, and enjoyed the protection of the laws

The Republic ensures every worker the conditions necessary for their dignified existence. its social legislation regulating: the cases of sickness, accidents at work, forced unemployment, old age, disability and death, the work of women and youth, maternity protection, working hours and wages Minimum family; paid annual leave; Spanish labor conditions abroad; institutions of cooperation, the relationship of economic and legal factors that make up the production; participation of workers in management, administration and benefits of general business and everything affects everything to defend workers. ]



In conclusion, the Second Spanish Republic, Spain brought freedom and democracy that the external and internal factors eventually truncating, posts all the progress that brought the Second Republic were drowned first by the right, which ruled during the middle period the Republic of November 19, 1933 to 07 January 1936 that took the first step is to liberate the coup of 1932, legislative steps were taken to stop the machinery of progress by repealing the Agrarian Reform Act, which supposed redistribution among the peasants of land in the elections of February 1936, he won the Popular Front comprising all left-wing parties, however, on July 18, 1936, the army rose up in arms against the Republic, supported by the Spanish right and currents of thought fascist European defeat in the Spanish civil war republican side of [the true nationalist side] is partly responsible for the cowardly acts of the European powers, whose committee of non-intervention prevented the supply of arms and related materiel to the Republican side and made it in the end the winner's military Spanish civil war, the camp was seditious commanded by General Franco who, after his victory, it sustained the fact the killings or the republican burning churches to justify their crimes, but forgets that in Franco Spain, was also killed unjustifiably even today are still exhumation of mass graves where to draw retaliation for Franco, was devoted to distort the facts to show a landscape very different from that really had in the Second Republic, with the sole purpose of perpetuating in power and justify the unjustifiable, so physically removing his political opposition, instrumentalization justice and eliminating freely in the country, indoctrination entire generations under the false image of savior of Spain, when in fact, bears primary responsibility for civil war by Spanish rise up against the legally established powers, is directly responsible for all deaths of the Spanish Civil War and was a coward, which is rose to ship the victors of the Second World War when he was put in power the vanquished of the Second World War, is responsible for the deaths of Spanish citizens in the Nazi extermination camps, because he knew it and its bureaucracy and did nothing to stop the extermination, which is guilty of war crimes and should have been tried in Nuremberg as a collaborator of the Nazis.

However, it must be emphasized that the defenders of the Franco dictatorship ensure that the country except the establishment of a dictatorship like Stalin, although it is paradoxical to see how to save us from a dictatorship, won another on the other hand, says often thanks to Franco have free health care [Social Security], it is true, the I in 1960, 20 years after taking power to the people on this issue is worth noting that in Article 46 of the constitution Republican outlined above in this article because it was anticipated this issue, which often forget the advocates of dictatorship also said he did marshes for water and electricity of the population, but is also true that there are no public works to address the Franco dictatorship sometimes used on prisoners of war.

Say what you say advocates of dictatorship that there are still many, his dictatorship was a delay for Spain at all levels, and although did good things, they made them by imposing a cruel dictatorship which is disqualified from having power and is "No government imposed by weapons that violates the will of the people, is entitled to manage or to legislate that people under any circumstances"

It is clear that their survival was due in the early years of Peron to Argentina and then geostrategic Now save the regime, that were it not for this, never would have survived.


"Those who deliver justice
while imposing a dictatorship,
they do to justify their actions
criminals to society
are creating "


Antonio Garcia Leal ®

 

 

Original text in Spanish

 

LA II REPÚBLICA ESPAÑOLA

[ Texto reescrito y extendido para su publicación]

La segunda república Española es le fruto de políticas erráticas y de excesos de la monarquía, que convocó unas elecciones a las cortes constituyentes y municipales para legitimar su continuidad. Las elecciones municipales del 12 de abril de 1931 dieron como resultado una victoria a la monarquía con 22.150 concejales monárquicos, frente a los 5.875 favorables al reí, quedando sin determinar 52.000 puestos.

Aunque con estas cifras, la monarquía había ganado las elecciones y legitimado su continuidad, la realidad es, que en los grandes núcleos de población, la monarquía había perdido. En 41 capitales de provincia, la monarquía había perdido apoyo en Madrid, los concejales contrarios al rey triplicaban a los favorables al rey; y en Barcelona, los antimonárquicos, cuadriplicaban a sus detractores. Ante estas cifras, el jefe del gobierno nominal, Juan Bautista Aznar, presentó su dimisión los ministros Bugall y de la Cierva sugirieron al monarca el uso del ejército, ante el aplastante resultado de las elecciones, que dejaba en minoría a la monarquía en las capitales. Al ser preguntado Juan Bautista Aznar, sobre si había motivos para una crisis, éste respondió; " ¿Qué más crisis desean ustedes, que un país que se acuesta monárquico y se levanta republicano?".Llegados a este punto, el rey y el conde de Romanones, entraron en conversaciones con Niceto Alcalá Zamora para conseguir la seguridad sobre la vida del rey, éste les dijo que no podía garantizar nada y además les exigió que de inmediato dimitiese el gobierno. El 14 de Abril, Alfonso XIII, abandonó España y se marchó a París sin abdicar formalmente y la II República se proclamó el mismo día 14 Abril, mediante un comunicado publicado en distintos diarios.

La II República española es un baluarte de libertades democráticas alcanzadas por los sectores más críticos y más perjudicados, por las políticas de los gobiernos anteriores, en esencia la base de todo estado, que es el pueblo, en el cual sustenta a las clases dirigentes. El pueblo decidió cambiar el sistema de gobierno para mejorar y para avanzar hacia un modelo de estado más acorde con las realidades sociales del momento, para dejar de una vez por todas las viejas ideas del antiguo régimen y abrazar un sistema, en el cual, cualquiera que se lo propusiera, pudiese llegar a dirigir el país esa es la realidad de la II República española por otro lado está la laicidad del estado otra de las cuestiones que se han discutido; ¿era necesario? Desde mi punto de vista si lo era sería razonable pensar, que un estado laico dará cabida cualquier concepción religiosa sin perseguir a ninguna, pero en realidad, la república trajo consigo el estallido popular anticlerical la persecución de la iglesia católica en este periodo, es desde mi punto de vista, proporcional a la persecución que la iglesia católica ha hecho de los ciudadanos españoles desde los tiempos de los reyes católicos, hasta la abolición de la Santa Inquisición en el 15 de Julio de 1834 de esta realidad, la iglesia católica española no habla y deja de manifiesto hasta cuando la iglesia estuvo imponiendo su criterio y persiguiendo a los Españoles en nombre de la fe también habría que resaltar, que la iglesia católica, siguió en los círculos de poder hasta 1931 es por este motivo, que 90 años después, el rencor y el recuerdo todavía anidaban en las mentes de los políticos y ciudadanos de la España de la II República por otro lado una parte del clero estaba en contra de la II República y en general la mayoría de los católicos estaban en contra tras los incidentes del

10 y 11 de Mayo, en los cuales hubo, por parte de la población, un asalto generalizado a conventos e iglesias ante la actitud pasiva de las autoridades. La realidad es que la actitud de las autoridades políticas no fue ejemplar, lo cual sembró la semilla de la discordia entre el estado y la iglesia, aunque el factor decisivo en este distanciamiento entre el estado y la iglesia fue sin duda, el articulo 26 de la constitución, el cual dejaba clara la laicidad del estado.

Artículo 26.

[Todas las confesiones religiosas serán consideradas como Asociaciones sometidas a una ley especial. El Estado, las regiones, las provincias y los Municipios, no mantendrán, favorecerán, ni ayudaran económicamente a las Iglesias, Asociaciones e Instituciones religiosas. Una ley especial regulará la total extinción, en un plazo máximo de dos años, del presupuesto del Clero. Quedan disueltas aquellas Órdenes religiosas que estatutariamente impongan, además de los tres votos canónicos, otro especial de obediencia a autoridad distinta de la legítima del Estado. Sus bienes serán nacionalizados y afectados a fines benéficos y docentes. Las demás Órdenes religiosas se someterán a una ley especial votada por estas Cortes Constituyentes y ajustada a las siguientes bases: 1. Disolución de las que, por sus actividades, constituyan un peligro para la seguridad del Estado, 2. Inscripción de las que deban subsistir, en un Registro especial dependiente del Ministerio de justicia. 3. Incapacidad de adquirir y conservar, por sí o por persona interpuesta, más bienes que los que, previa justificación, se destinen a su vivienda o al cumplimiento directo de sus fines privativos. 4. Prohibición de ejercer la industrial el comercio o la enseñanza. 5. Sumisión a todas las leyes tributarias del país. 6. Obligación de rendir anualmente cuentas al Estado de la inversión de sus bienes en relación con los fines de la Asociación. Los bienes de las Órdenes religiosas podrán ser nacionalizados.]

No obstante, en general, la segunda república española trae obtuvo un amplio avance social, el cual queda plasmado en su constitución, estos son sus principales avances entre otros.

El principio de igualdad de los españoles ante la Ley, o el capitulo de garantías individuales y políticas que entre otros artículos tiene el artículo 25 el cual dice:

ARTICULO 25

[No podrán ser fundamentos de privilegio jurídico: la naturaleza, la filiación, el sexo, la clase social, la riqueza, las ideas políticas ni las creencias religiosas. ]

El principio de laicidad, por el que se iba más allá de la mera separación entre la Iglesia y el Estado para adentrarse en un ámbito de total eliminación de la religión de la vida política mediante los artículos 26 y 27.

El principio de elección y renovación de todos los cargos públicos, incluido el Jefe del Estado.

El principio monocameral, más acorde a la democracia, que suponía la eliminación de una segunda Cámara aristocrática o de estamentos privilegiados y por el cual el poder legislativo sería ejercido por una sola Cámara.

Se prevenía la posibilidad de la realización de una expropiación forzosa de cualquier tipo de propiedad, a cambio de una indemnización para utilización social, así como la posibilidad de nacionalizar los servicios públicos.

Amplia declaración de derechos y libertades. Concedía el voto desde los 23 años con sufragio universal, también femenino.

Se reconocía el derecho de los españoles al divorcio y al reconocimiento del matrimonio civil

También se garantizaba mediante el artículo 46 un amplio abanico de legislación social en materia laboral

ARTICULO 46

[El trabajo, en sus diversas formas, es una obligación social, y gozara de la protección de las leyes

La República asegura a todo trabajador las condiciones necesarias para su existencia digna. su legislación social regulara: los casos de seguro de enfermedad, accidentes de trabajo, paro forzoso, vejez, invalidez, y muerte; el trabajo de las mujeres, y de los jóvenes, la protección a la maternidad; la jornada de trabajo y el salario mínimo familiar; las vacaciones anuales remuneradas; las condiciones del obrero Español en el extranjero; las instituciones de cooperación , la relación económico-jurídicas de los factores que integran la producción; la participación de los obreros en la dirección, administración y los beneficios de las empresas y todo general todo cuanto afecte a la defensa de los trabajadores. ]

En conclusión, la II República española, trajo a España la libertad y democracia que los factores externos e internos acabaron truncando, puestos que todos los avances que trajo la II República fueron ahogados primero por la derecha, la cual gobernó durante la mitad del periodo de la República del 19 de Noviembre de 1933 al 07 de Enero 1936 la primera medida que toma es la de liberar a los golpistas del 1932, en materia legislativa, se tomaron medidas para detener la maquinaria de progreso derogando la ley de reforma agraria, la cual suponía la redistribución entre los campesinos de la tierra en las elecciones de febrero de 1936, gano el Frente Popular que aglutinaba a todos los partidos de izquierda, no obstante, el 18 de Julio de 1936, el ejército se levantó en armas contra la República, respaldado por la derecha Española y las corrientes de pensamiento fascistas Europeas la derrota en la guerra civil española del bando republicano [el verdadero bando nacional] es en parte responsabilidad de los actos cobardes de las potencias europeas, que con su comité de no intervención, impidieron el abastecimiento de armas y pertrechos para el bando Republicano e hicieron que al final el vencedor militar de la guerra civil Española, fuese el bando sedicioso comandado por el general Franco el cual, tras su victoria, potenció el hecho de las matanzas republicanas o de la quema de iglesias para justificar sus crímenes, pero se olvida que en la España de Franco, también se mataba de manera injustificada aun hoy día se siguen exhumando fosas comunes de donde sacan a los represaliados por Franco, se dedicó a tergiversar los hechos para mostrarnos un panorama muy distinto al que realmente había en la II República, con el único fin de perpetuarse en el poder y justificar lo injustificable, eliminando de manera física a su oposición política, instrumentalizando la justicia y eliminando toda libertad en el país, adoctrinó a generaciones enteras bajo la falsa imagen de salvador de España, cuando en realidad, es el principal responsable de la guerra civil española por sublevarse contra los poderes legalmente establecidos, es el responsable

directo de todas las muertes de la guerra civil Española y fue un cobarde, que se subió al barco de los vencedores de la segunda guerra mundial cuando a él le colocaron en el poder los vencidos de la Segunda Guerra mundial, es responsable de la muerte de ciudadanos españoles en los campos de extermino nazis, porque él y su burocracia lo sabían y no hiciera nada para detener el exterminio, con lo cual es culpable de crímenes de guerra y debió ser juzgado en Núremberg como colaborador de los Nazis.

No obstante, hay que recalcar, que los defensores de la dictadura aseguran que Franco salvo al país de la instauración de una dictadura como la Estalinista, aunque resulta paradójico ver como para salvarnos de una dictadura, se impuso otra por otro lado, se dice con frecuencia que gracias a Franco tenemos asistencia sanitaria gratuita [ Seguridad Social ], es verdad, el la creo en 1960, 20 años después de arrebatar el poder al pueblo, sobre esta cuestión es resaltable que, en el articulo 46 de la constitución Republicana reseñado anteriormente en este articulo, ya se preveía esta cuestión, cosa que olvidan con frecuencia los defensores de la dictadura también se dice que hizo pantanos para el abastecimiento de agua de la población y electricidad , es también cierto pero no se cuenta que para acometer obras publicas la dictadura de franco utilizo en ocasiones a prisioneros de guerra.

Original text in Spanish

Digan lo que digan los defensores de la dictadura que hay muchos todavía, su dictadura supuso un retraso para España a todos los niveles, y si bien hizo cosas buenas , éstas las hizo imponiendo una cruel dictadura la cual le inhabilitaba para tener el poder y es que "Ningún gobierno impuesto por la armas que quebrante la voluntad popular, estará legitimado para dirigir o legislar a dicho pueblo bajo ninguna circunstancia"

Es evidente que su supervivencia se debió, en los primeros años, a la Argentina de Perón y luego geoestratégica del momento salvo al régimen, que de no ser por eso, jamás hubiera sobrevivido.

"Aquellos que imparten justicia

mientras imponen una dictadura,

lo hacen para justificar sus actos

criminales ante la sociedad que

están creando"

Antonio García Leal ®

 

 

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It must be remembered that in the world there are approximately 350 million indigenous people is for this reason that:

"Today is the International Day of Indigenous Populations"
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It must be remembered that in the world there are approximately 350 million indigenous people is for this reason that:

"Today is the International Day of Indigenous Populations"
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Clearly, we have become the Olympic spirit in a trademark where the only thing that matters is money and the only thing that worries us is to win Olympic medals, the reality is that everything that surrounds the Olympic spirit smells like money nobody cares in absolute living conditions of people in countries where the Olympic Games are held and is not that I want to mix politics with sport but it is clear that the Chinese Olympics are a facade to disguise the reality of life in China and after that decorated cardboard stone are the repressive practices of the government to impose a false sense of freedom and prosperity, the next day on August 8 will start the XXIX Olympic Games Chinese clearly in a country where the ruling classes to oppress people, where freedom is kidnapped by the state where justice is conspicuous by its absence, where Maoism stopped so fulminant the dream of an egalitarian society. That is why I am not in favour of the Olympic Games in China until he is returned to the people their sovereignty. It is insulting to see how the agents or their envoys will go there to smile a totalitarian state. Having regard to this view is evident that there is in the backroom of the international Olympic committee is equally undeniable see everything that the Chinese authorities behind the caesura is imposed by country, if you order through the filter censor anything that does not let you see what you you can imagine.

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"In modern democracies, the ruling classes, political shift, often forget that his office and his livelihood comes from the votes and the pockets of ordinary citizens"

"In politics there is no durable solutions but arrangements term, renewable for another term, provided they do not change the party that governs"

 

 

 

Antonio Garcia Leal     ®  

 

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The Union EUROPE studies a park solo en le Sahara which will be used to supply electricity to the whole of Europe It is interesting that begin to consider solutions like this to the energy problem in Europe partly because these are the solutions that we must strengthen, this is the direction we must take if we want to solve energy problems in an effective manner and lasting projects like this is the wrong way to enhance the state of the economy. In another vein would be important to begin to seek solutions to the problem of the Sahara and there before installing anything provide a solution for the coexistence of people in that part of the world must be a priority issue for the Europeans money there, otherwise we will lose a great opportunity to take a giant step towards achieving a better future.
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COMMUNISM

A GIANT WITH FEET OF CLAY

 

 

 

 

You could say that the Russian revolution was the highlight of the communist movement emerged in Europe during the French Revolution.

But the question is, what is it that there was communism in Russia and its satellite countries? Can we say that china is a communist country?, And the Cuban regime is communist? Could say that revolutions in these countries were communists and their leaders were also in favour of creating a communist society, but when it came to power and stopped the process broke down the dreams of creating a just and egalitarian society, either by external factors or by the greed of their leaders the reality is that not we have come to see never a communist society in full operation, if it could be said that as close to this type of society, collectively and was mainly in Catalonia and Aragon during the Spanish civil war, although these were dissolved in 1937 by the army of the republic.

 

 

 

 

 

 

We can say that communism is an ideological stream that advocates the elimination of social classes in order to create a society with a single class, self-reliant, which is supplying itself and living in peace and harmony wherever the first being treated attempt to create a communist society in Europe was in revolutionary France, between 1795 and 1796, called this "conspiracy of equals" and extols real equality of men who appeared in "the declaration of the rights of man and citizen of 1789 "among its leaders can find Francois-Noel Babeuf, who advocated the abolition of private property and the right to inherit land, was also a strong supporter of the collectivization of land Babeuf is considered one of the first theoreticians of communism as well as a pre anarchist.

The conspiracy of the same failed, however, this school of thought combined with other social economic and political factors, leading to Marxism embodied in the communist manifesto of 1848.

 

 

 

The communist manifestó, written by Marks and Engels, was published in 1848 and represents the cornerstone, around which revolve communism in the subsequent 69 years until the Russian Revolution of 1917, and comes to responding to the emerging working class living in deplorable conditions throughout the industrialized Europe communism is a clear condemnation of capital and capitalist society, which exploits the working class before the passivity of the authorities, for this reason, the manifesto calls between its top abolition of classes social and state to create a just and egalitarian society where there are no classes for this purpose it is necessary to make a revolution, this revolution will lead to the working class to power, and after a period of transition, in which an entity manager revolutionary lead society to the last and final phase of the revolution that is the disappearance of this managing body because society is already self-management.

It is also true that Marks was a visionary who believed that the Communist revolution would spread around the world easily, and this perhaps is the potential error, because no society was now ready for that change so radical that is why communism is not prospered because the construction of a communist society involved the destruction of the existing company to its foundations, and the creation of a single class in which there are no differences.

Communism also flourished within the working class because not all were consistent in how they should make this change and this was evident in the first international congress in 1872, where anarchists were expelled and Anarcho-syndicalism because they were not compliant with the transition period before the elimination of the state.

 

The need to create an egalitarian society was the driving force behind the changes represented a substantial improvement in the lives of the working class of Europe after a constant struggle, and acosta lives of many workers, even as the communist revolution did not come to consolidate However, the need to create a society like this is the end, the germ destroyer of the company itself, because if we analyze the results of the so-called communist revolutions, all revolutions have stalled in Phase 2, starting the basis that a Communist revolution consists of three distinct phases that would be;

 

 

 

First the revolution,

 

 

 

Secondly the creation of an organ manager revolutionary leading the revolution

 

Thirdly and finally the last phase, which would be the elimination of the state or the managing body of the revolution because society would have learned to self.

 

 

 

The failure of communism is illustrated by the Russian Revolution of 1917, where the people rose up against the Czar because they lived in a feudal state, where citizens was nothing more than mere instruments of the state, yes there that the revolution succeeded because The change meant the hegemony of the people, the collectivization of land for the benefit of the people, because finally be completed with the privileged classes of society Tsarist, to convert, faits accomplis, the theories of Marks and Engels's Communist manifesto and reach to create such a utopian society, where all were equal and where no one lacks for nothing.

 

 

 

For this the leaders of the revolution, Leon Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin, Josef Stalin, among others, lead the Russian people through the various stages of Communism described in "Communist Manifesto" of Marks and Engels and this is where is the problem of communism itself said, in the inability of communist leaders moving to phase 3, in which Will will have disappeared from human nature, selfishness, lust for power, the desire for progress of the individual so staff and the desire to live differently? Will be willing to leave the ruling classes of caring for the revolutionary process because it has already reached its zenith?, does mean that they do not exceed mere instruments of the revolution?, does not accept that any longer revered for having led the revolution and become ordinary citizens like everyone else?, and I do not think this was evident after the untimely death Lenin, because at that moment that Stalin took the reins of the revolution, after struggling for power with Trosky, is when this becomes stagnant in final form, and since then, that communism is not progressing toward its third and decisive phase. Moreover, in addition to stall the revolution in Russia, also was devoted to prosecute, so ruthless, those who trumpeted the creation of a more egalitarian society based on communism good proof of this we have it in the assassination of Trotsky or Andreu Nin, among others, the latter founder, along with Juan Andrade of the POUM, (Workers' Party Marxist Unification) a cutting Marxist party, came from the union of the parties BOC (block workers and peasants) and ICE (left Spanish community) in 1935, in Spain, the POUM was against Marxism-Leninism and why their leaders were persecuted by the communist Russian agents abroad, this time from my point of view this is where Russian communism becomes a simple dictatorship.

 

 

 

Other subsequent attempts to create a communist society failed for the same reason that the Russian revolution it did before, since the revolution china or the Cuban revolution, led respectively by Mao Zedong and Fidel Castro by the inability of their leaders go beyond the second phase of the revolution. And that is indeed the main obstacle to communist societies operate, are yearning for progress and improvement of individual persons who have to build these companies, because they will become the parent of revolution from the very moment to assume control of the revolution, will be judges and executioners of the revolution back in where they are, will be revered by some and denostar by others and that in essence is the germ of destructive communist society, creating a class leader who always can put everything into question, the lack of clear and concise deadlines for achieving the goals of the Communist manifesto, the total and absolute conformism of society regarding their status. That's because at heart, communism society preaches single thought and that goes against human nature.

 

 

 

Is it then communism, the solution to the problem of society? I do not think so, not because it is an unworkable idea, but because no society is willing to shoulder the high costs of destroying everything built so far, to quit in the hands of a few elected, the transition towards an egalitarian society, however it must be said that the idea is brilliant, that would be desirable, that society was so self-sufficient, self-government without us go without private ownership , A society where we have everything. An unattainable utopia, that's why I would call to communism as a "giant with feet of clay."

 

 

 

But peaceful society can improve Babeuf said at the end of "the manifesto of the commoners", "Come on, after a thousand years, to change these laws rude!" I say unto you, let us do what is a good start

 

 

 

Antonio Garcia Leal ®

 

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"Modern societies are progressing in a fast but in the wrong direction, that is why their continued progress involves the destruction of their habitat and ultimately an involution progressive"
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Climate change is a problem that affects us all beyond borders, races and creeds, and one of its main trigger is the use of fossil fuels. Their use also poses a needless economic burden for both developed societies like the societies in developing countries. But is not the only factor that contributes to climate change, also another factor to consider is the destructive capacity as well as constructive man, who in the past 100 years has been capable of destroying whole ecosystems for development of its society of implement adequately discoveries in the development of renewable energies and turn their cities into a part of the environment, causing minimal impact on the ecosystem, another issue to consider is the need to recycle our garbage as a whole as well as to make a rational use of our drinking water supplies. The last issue highlighted is that even today the man continues to build its industry and civil society around a well so scarce, expensive and destructive to the environment such as fossil fuels, it seems absurd to continue along these lines taking less expensive alternatives that would , Secure and sustainable development of our societies.

There is no doubt that this escalation to continue sooner or later becomes a cruel and sterile war for control of raw materials and also there is no doubt that this war like so many others before it will not bring more hunger and desolation and destruction of society such and as we know, probably leading to societies even worse. It is also likely to be encountered societies better, but the seeds of destructive war is not solution to solve current problems, nor has it ever been.

The solution is quite simple and it is not eradicate the use of fossil fuels but to make a reasonable spindle little better than this and start using renewable energy sources for civil society, in order to create sustainable cities coexist with the ecosystem without damaging it and without disruption as far as possible. It is not now to destroy everything we have created to build something different but they are implementing the energy solutions to current problems.
Such solutions could go on line so gradually replace the fleet of vehicles that use gasoline or diesel vehicles that use hydrogen or solar power or other non-polluting systems for traction, it could also encourage or even compel make housing using photovoltaic energy for its energy supply, it probably would not solve the energy needs of citizens but it will turn cities into real centers of production of clean energy that would ultimately end up in the network which would lower demand electricity, another important factor to consider is the recycling of wastes lack of awareness in this area makes us beings destructive to the planet, a reasonable solution is that since the administration promotes an active and conscious recycling of garbage that process is now comparable to the first steps of a child, first son erratic but then as you get confidence is stronger and safer. In my opinion we are now in the first steps but we must continue to walk strong and confident towards achieving a total recycling of our waste.

Regarding the use of fossil fuels such as oil that is highly pollutant as I said before, this is not eradicate the use of these but to restrict such use to industry and the pursuit of raw materials to manufacture products for use by civil society such as chemicals for the manufacture of plastics, heavy oils, tar and asphalt. Also in this group of fossil fuels are gas and coal which should be referred to the industry for their polluting effects.

Another factor is the economic cost of these measures or part of them while at the beginning assume the civil society as they are implanted vallan and generating profits in the medium term should mean a cost manageable by the administration, and therefore by all of society. And in the medium and long term a better world for future generations.

Another important issue that needs to be highlighted is the investment in research and development of renewable energy to industry in order apaliar and the deficit will mean that the lack of such materials, we must enhance this research to create cleaner societies in all areas evolve in the same way as they did previously from the Stone Age to the present day.

In conclusion, it would be a breakthrough begin to take seriously these issues and seek solutions to create sustainable societies that in the long run are better in all areas, because to eradicate the shortcomings of this world we live obviously we must pass " the era of oil "and jump right into the" era of renewables, "and because tomorrow is partly ours and partly of our offspring
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The long and tedious road to the working class in Europe increasingly resembles a setback in the field of rights and freedoms, with increasing clarity is the way that politicians of the European Union wants to highlight the working class of This integrated Europe, but I refer to the evidence.
Based on the complaint made already in the article "The humanitarian crisis in Europe" I can only follow the trail of events that live in old Europe rights framework with initiatives such as increasing the workday from 48 hours per week to a maximum of 65 hours, this represents a harsh blow to the 35-hour day and reconciling family life with working life.
The question is why take such measures?, What can apaliar these measures? According to European leaders such measures are to be competitive with products from emerging countries, in many cases where productivity is over workers' rights.
I believe that measures like this the only thing they do is divide the working class more vulnerable to employers, creating cracks between trade unions and workers, distancing views in a society in the economic strangulation to an employee who is charged with debts due to the high cost of living in this society we have created.
That's why I think we have a moral obligation as citizens of Europe not to allow this type of legislation, our heirs children, grandchildren, great grandchildren will not be remembered as the generation that Involución socially without saying anything. We must protest in a peaceful but firm in order to improve society we are creating, do a better tomorrow for all models by creating productive assimilated by third countries that guarantee some basic rights to workers and move towards improving working conditions , Social and productive.
Another clear proof that we are going back guarantees and rights is the new Italian legislation against illegal emigration such laws the only thing it does is check out even more to the already weak third world citizen fleeing hunger and misery of their countries where home is doomed to die of hunger because of some corrupt agents or endless wars that eternizan unresolved.
If they reach Europe, specifically Italy are treated as criminals for having reached an illegal, what ideas we are exporting to third world countries?, What can they think of us?, It is regrettable that this permit kind of legislation in a member country of the European Union, although it was clear that Italy follows in the footsteps leaving the European Union.

In conclusion I would like to refer to the FAO summit where there is neither came to a minimal agreement which is a hard blow to all those who are homeless in third world countries and a long increase in the mortality rate in these countries, this should make us reflect on what we are doing wrong and destructive if this pace is sustainable in the long term or is another clear sign of deterioration in modern societies that should change its priorities in order to achieve global solutions that affect us all if we let die of hunger so that they will be considered outlawed in Italy or the European directives regarding illegal emigration harden, will continue without more coming if we do not provide reasonable solutions from rich countries If not we give them alternatives in their home countries, but there we invest to create better societies. So I hope that later was extended earlier this situation, and the system change.

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tatarlak

Hello, I live in El Vendrell (Spain).And I created this space to publicize my views on things that happen around us.

Member Since: 7/1/2008